Overview Submission Instructions Recent Publications Frequently Asked Questions

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Bmc Emergency Medicine

BMC Emergency Medicine is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles on all urgent and emergency aspects of medicine across both practice and basic research. The journal also covers disaster medicine and medicine in special locations such as conflict areas and military settings, as well as research on healthcare services in emergency departments.

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Subject Emergency Medicine

Impact Factor 2.6

Quartile Q1

Open Access Type Open

ISSN 1471-227X

eISSN 1471-227X

Invitation Only No

Cost Range £2190 / $2790 / €2390 APC (plus applicable taxes)

Submission Instructions

Bmc Emergency Medicine accepts the following article types. Click on an article type to view submission instructions.

Research article

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for all submissions and should briefly outline the research, explain its context and importance, and state why the work is appropriate for the journal.

Title Page Prepare a title page that includes a clear, descriptive title that indicates the study design when appropriate; full author names with institutional addresses; and the corresponding author’s details. If a collaboration group is listed as an author, follow the group authorship instructions; LLMs cannot be listed as authors and any LLM use should be documented in the Methods.

Abstract Provide a structured abstract of no more than 350 words with the following headings: Background, Methods (including statistical tests), Results, Conclusions, and Trial registration (if applicable). Minimize abbreviations and do not include references.

Main Manuscript Headings Organize the manuscript with the following sections: Background; Methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusions; List of abbreviations; and a Declarations section with all required subheadings. Ensure Methods include study design/setting, participant characteristics/materials, interventions/comparisons, and statistical analysis.

Reference Format Format references in Vancouver style. Assign web links/URLs a reference number and include full site title, URL, and access date in the reference list; follow the journal’s examples for articles, books/chapters, DOIs, supplements, online sources, and datasets with persistent identifiers.

Figures Include figures within the main manuscript file at the points where they are referenced; separate uploads are optional. For LaTeX submissions, place figures within the compressed .zip so they can be compiled into the peer-review PDF.

Tables Include tables within the main manuscript file at the points where they are referenced; separate uploads are optional. For LaTeX submissions, place tables within the compressed .zip so they can be compiled into the peer-review PDF.

Additional Documents For randomized controlled trials, submit a completed CONSORT checklist with your manuscript. Provide uncropped full-length gels/blots as a single labeled supplementary figure when cropped images are used in the main text, and state this in the figure legends.

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Database article

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for all submissions and should briefly outline the research, explain its context and importance, and state why the work is appropriate for the journal.

Title Page Include a descriptive title (include study design where appropriate), full author names and institutional affiliations, and clearly identify the corresponding author. If a collaboration group is an author, list the group name as an author and include individual member names in the Acknowledgements to enable PubMed indexing.

Abstract Provide a structured abstract (Background, main body of the abstract, and short Conclusion) of no more than 350 words. Minimize abbreviations and do not include references.

Main Manuscript Headings Organize the manuscript with these sections: Background; Construction and content; Utility and discussion (may include subsections and comparisons with similar databases, user interface description, and planned development); Conclusions; and a List of abbreviations (define abbreviations at first mention). Include 3–10 Keywords.

Reference Format Use Vancouver reference style. Cite web links/URLs as numbered references with full site title, full URL, and access date; cite datasets with persistent identifiers (e.g., DOIs) expressed as full URLs.

Additional Documents Include a Declarations section covering Ethics approval and consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and materials (with repository links/DOIs or access conditions), Competing interests, Funding, Authors’ contributions, Acknowledgements, and Authors’ information (optional). Retain consent forms for individuals’ data and be prepared to provide them on request.

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Software article

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for all submissions and should briefly outline the research, explain its context and importance, and state why the work is appropriate for the journal.

Title Page Include a title that clearly describes the work (include study design when suitable), full author names with institutional addresses, and the corresponding author’s contact details. Collaboration groups may be listed as authors (with individual members listed in Acknowledgements if desired); LLMs are not acceptable as authors and any LLM use should be documented in the Methods or another suitable section.

Abstract An abstract of up to 350 words is required and should be structured with Background, Results, and Conclusions. Avoid abbreviations and do not include references.

Main Manuscript Headings Organize the manuscript with Background, Implementation, Results (which may be combined with Discussion), Discussion (if appropriate), and Conclusions, followed by Availability and requirements and a List of abbreviations. A Declarations section is mandatory and must include ethics, consent, data availability, competing interests, funding, author contributions, and acknowledgements.

Reference Format Use Vancouver reference style. Web links/URLs should be cited in the reference list with full details and access dates; datasets should be cited with persistent identifiers (e.g., DOIs) as full URLs.

Figures Follow the journal’s General formatting guidelines for figures; specific placement instructions are not provided on this page.

Tables Follow the journal’s General formatting guidelines for tables; specific placement instructions are not provided on this page.

Additional Documents A Declarations section is required (ethics, consent for publication when applicable, data availability, competing interests, funding, author contributions, acknowledgements, authors’ information optional). For software, include an archive of the current version/source code as supplementary files when possible and ensure the software is accessible to reviewers and, upon publication, freely available for non-commercial use.

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Systematic Review

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for all submissions and should briefly outline the research, explain its context and importance, and state why the work is appropriate for the journal.

Title Page Provide a title that includes the study design when appropriate (e.g., indicate 'Systematic review'); list full author names and institutional addresses; identify the corresponding author. If a collaboration group is an author, list the group name as an author and individual members in the Acknowledgements. LLMs cannot be authors; any LLM use must be described in the Methods.

Abstract A structured abstract of no more than 350 words is required with the following sections: Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. Minimize abbreviations and do not include references. If the review was prospectively registered (e.g., in PROSPERO), add the registration number as the final line of the abstract.

Main Manuscript Headings Organize the manuscript with the following sections: Background, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions. Provide a separate List of abbreviations and ensure abbreviations are defined at first use.

Reference Format Format references in Vancouver style. Web resources should be cited as numbered references with full site title, URL, and access date. Include persistent identifiers (e.g., DOIs) for datasets and other citable resources when available.

Additional Documents Include a Declarations section covering ethics approval and consent to participate (if applicable), consent for publication (for any identifiable data), data availability statement, competing interests, funding, authors’ contributions, and acknowledgements; authors’ information is optional. Be prepared to provide consent documentation upon request.

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Review

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for all submissions and should briefly outline the research, explain its context and importance, and state why the work is appropriate for the journal.

Title Page Include a descriptive title (noting the study design where appropriate), full author names and institutional addresses, and clearly identify the corresponding author. If using group authorship, provide the group name and list individual members appropriately; LLMs cannot be authors and any LLM use should be disclosed in the Methods or a suitable section.

Abstract Provide an unstructured abstract of no more than 350 words. Avoid abbreviations and do not include references.

Main Manuscript Headings Organize the review with the following sections: Background, Main text (with short subheadings as needed), Conclusions, and a List of abbreviations.

Reference Format Use Vancouver reference style. Cite URLs and web resources as numbered references in the reference list with full titles, URLs, and access dates; express dataset DOIs as full URLs.

Additional Documents Include a Declarations section covering Ethics approval and consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and materials, Competing interests, Funding, Authors’ contributions, Acknowledgements, and optional Authors’ information.

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Editorial

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for all submissions and should briefly outline the research, explain its context and importance, and state why the work is appropriate for the journal.

Additional Documents You may upload supplementary material for publication. Related files (such as overlapping manuscripts, validation reports, or correspondence) can be provided for assessment; these will not be published but may be shared with reviewers.

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Study protocol

Cover Letter A cover letter is expected and should explicitly confirm the status of participant recruitment for the study at the time of submission. Authors are encouraged to submit well before recruitment completion and to note any related publications under consideration.

Title Page Include a title page with a clear, informative title indicating the study design where appropriate; full author names and institutional affiliations; identification of any collaboration group; and the corresponding author’s contact details. If a collaboration group is listed, individual member names should be placed in the Acknowledgements for indexing.

Abstract Provide a structured abstract of no more than 350 words with the following sections: Background, Methods, Discussion, and Trial registration. For clinical trials, include the registration number and date, and note if retrospectively registered.

Main Manuscript Headings Organize the manuscript with the following sections: Title page, Abstract, Keywords (3–10), Background, Methods/Design, Discussion, List of abbreviations, and Declarations (with all required subheadings). Ensure sufficient methodological detail for replication and planned statistical analysis.

Reference Format Format references in Vancouver style, using numbered citations. Web links/URLs should be cited as numbered references with full site title, URL, and access date, following the journal’s examples.

Additional Documents For randomized controlled trial protocols, upload a completed SPIRIT checklist as a supplementary file and include the trial registration number in the abstract. Ensure the Declarations section includes ethics approval details, funding information, data availability statement, competing interests, author contributions, and consent for publication if applicable.

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Matters Arising

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for all submissions and should briefly outline the research, explain its context and importance, and state why the work is appropriate for the journal.

Title Page Include a title clearly describing the article’s focus; list full author names and institutional addresses; indicate the corresponding author. Collaboration groups may be listed as an author, with individual member names provided in the Acknowledgements for indexing. LLMs cannot be authors; document any LLM use in the Methods or a suitable section.

Abstract No abstract is published for Matters Arising. Provide a brief, non-specialist opening paragraph summarizing the message; this will be used as the abstract for submission purposes.

Main Manuscript Headings Keep the article concise (ideally ≤1,200 words). The main text may be broken into subsections with short, informative headings; the tone should be measured and focused on the specific issues with the original paper.

Reference Format Use Vancouver style. Limit references to about 15 where possible and follow the journal’s guidance for citing URLs and DOIs.

Additional Documents Include a ‘Declarations’ section covering ethics/consent (as applicable), data availability, competing interests, funding, author contributions, and acknowledgements. Supplementary Information may be included at the editor’s discretion; consent forms should not be submitted but may be requested.

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Comment

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for all submissions and should briefly outline the research, explain its context and importance, and state why the work is appropriate for the journal.

Title Page Include a descriptive title; full names and institutional addresses for all authors; and the corresponding author’s details. If using group authorship, list the group name as an author and include individual member names in the Acknowledgements for indexing. LLMs cannot be authors; document any LLM use in the Methods or another suitable section.

Abstract Provide an unstructured abstract not exceeding 50 words. Minimize abbreviations and do not include citations.

Main Manuscript Headings Organize the main text with short, informative headings as needed and include a dedicated Conclusions section that clearly states the main takeaways and their relevance.

Reference Format Use Vancouver style for citations and references. Include web links as numbered references with the site title, full URL, and access date, and express dataset DOIs as full URLs in the reference list.

Figures Prepare figures according to the journal’s general formatting guidelines. Specific placement or upload instructions are not detailed on this page; ensure figures meet resolution and file format requirements per the general guidelines.

Tables Prepare tables according to the journal’s general formatting guidelines. This page does not specify placement; ensure tables are properly titled, numbered, and formatted per the general guidelines.

Additional Documents Include all required Declarations: ethics approval and consent to participate; consent for publication; availability of data and materials; competing interests; funding; authors’ contributions; acknowledgements; and (optionally) authors’ information. If a section does not apply, include the heading with 'Not applicable'.

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Recent Publications

Interventions to reduce emergency department overcrowding and their effects on patient outcomes: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis

Weaam Alamri, Farah Aljuhani, Nouf Alsharef, Rebal Khayyat, Manal Shuaib, Tahira Faheem, Abdu Alsayed

10.1186/s12873-026-01587-8

View Publication

Comparative performance of manual triage systems and ML models in predicting clinical outcomes among patients transported to the emergency department by emergency medical services

Hüseyin Selvi, Utku Murat Kalafat, Salih Fettahoğlu, Süreyya Tuba Fettahoğlu, Bilal Yeniyurt, Muhammed Güner, Efe Demir Bala, Ayşe Fethiye Basa Kalafat, Rabia Birsen Tapkan, Serkan Doğan

10.1186/s12873-026-01595-8

View Publication

Diagnostic performance of eosinopenia for identifying bacterial infections in the emergency department: a prospective multicenter study

Charles-Eric Lavoignet, Pascal Bilbault, François Lefebvre, Valentin De Carlo, Laura Bejinariu, Julia Chevrolet-Lavoignet, Fanny Schweitzer, Suheil Zayet, Pascale Dussert, Laure Abensur Vuillaume, Pierrick Le Borgne

10.1186/s12873-026-01581-0

View Publication

Factors affecting hospital personnel’s disaster management performance

Burak Kaya, Sefa Mızrak

10.1186/s12873-026-01597-6

View Publication

Logistic regression and simulation modelling to evaluate survival effects of EMS response time in suspected cardiac arrest

Ľudmila Jánošíková, Peter Jankovič, Dalibor Gonda, Jozef Karaš, Jakub Holod, Marek Kvet

10.1186/s12873-026-01596-7

View Publication

Frequently asked questions

Is Bmc Emergency Medicine open access?

Yes, Bmc Emergency Medicine is a fully open access journal. All articles are freely available to read, download, and share immediately upon publication.

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What is the impact factor of Bmc Emergency Medicine?

The 2024 Journal Impact Factor (JIF) for Bmc Emergency Medicine is 2.6. The impact factor is a measure of the frequency with which the average article in a journal has been cited in a particular year, and is often used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field.

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What is the time to publication for Bmc Emergency Medicine?

Submission to first editorial decision (median days): 5. Submission to acceptance (median days): 131.

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Does Bmc Emergency Medicine require a cover letter?

Cover letters are referenced in the submission process for study protocols and should confirm the status of participant recruitment at the time of submission. Additional cover letter content requirements are not detailed.

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How much does it cost to publish in Bmc Emergency Medicine?

This is a fully open access journal that charges an Article Processing Charge (APC) for accepted articles. The current APC is £2190 / $2790 / €2390, subject to VAT or local taxes where applicable. The journal participates in Springer Nature’s country‑tiered APC pricing pilot, and authors may benefit from institutional open access agreements that cover APCs. Waivers and discounts may be considered in cases of financial need and must be requested at the point of submission. Information on open access funding and support services is available from Springer Nature.

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