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Frontiers in Immunology

Frontiers in Immunology explores novel approaches and diagnoses to treat immune disorders and publishes research across basic, translational and clinical immunology, including work from the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).

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Subject Immunology
Impact Factor 5.9
Quartile Q1
Open Access Type Open
ISSN 1664-3224
eISSN 1664-3224
Invitation Only No
Cost Range Article processing charges (APCs) apply to accepted articles.

Submission Instructions

Frontiers in Immunology accepts the following article types. Click on an article type to view submission instructions.

Original Research

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract should be structured in a single paragraph, for example following IMRAD.
Manuscript Manuscript must not exceed 12,000 words. Manuscript should be organized as Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. Manuscript must include 5 to 8 keywords and acknowledge any use of generative AI in the acknowledgements and in the methods section if applicable, including the tool name, version, model, and source.
References References must list the first six authors followed by et al., abbreviate given names to initials, include the DOI when available, and ensure every in-text citation appears in the reference list and vice versa.
Figures & Tables Figures must be submitted individually with captions at the end of the manuscript, while tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript. Figures must be numbered in the order cited with panel labels where applicable, and tables must be provided in editable source form rather than as figures.
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Systematic Review

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract should be structured in a single paragraph.
Manuscript Manuscript must not exceed 12,000 words. Manuscript should be organized as Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, with Systematic Review-specific content including a PICOS-defined research question and the listed review methods and results elements. Manuscript must include 5 to 8 keywords, funding information including a statement if no specific funding supported the research, and an acknowledgment of any generative AI use in the acknowledgements and methods sections if applicable.
References References must include only published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. with authors' given names abbreviated to initials, include the DOI when available, and exclude unpublished material and personal communications.
Figures & Tables Figures must be submitted individually with captions at the end of the manuscript, while tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript and placed at the end. Figures and tables must be cited in numerical order in the text, and multi-panel figures must use labels such as (A), (B), (C), and (D).
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Review

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract must be a single paragraph and should be structured.
Manuscript Manuscript must not exceed 12,000 words. Manuscript must be organized as Abstract, Introduction, subject-relevant subsections, and Discussion. Manuscript must include at least five and no more than eight keywords, and any use of generative AI must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section and in the methods section if applicable with the name, version, model, and source listed.
References References must include only published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. with authors’ given names abbreviated to initials, include the DOI when available, and unpublished material such as personal communications must not be included.
Figures & Tables Figures must be submitted individually with captions placed at the end of the manuscript, and tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript. Each figure and table must be cited in numerical order in the text.
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Mini Review

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract must be included and the manuscript must use the format Abstract, Introduction, subject-relevant subsections, and Discussion.
Manuscript Manuscript must not exceed 3,000 words. Manuscript must be organized as Abstract, Introduction, subject-relevant subsections, and Discussion, and should address different schools of thought or controversies, current research gaps, and potential future developments in the field. Manuscript must include 5 to 8 keywords and acknowledge any use of generative AI in the acknowledgements section and in the methods section if applicable, including the tool name, version, model, and source.
References References must list the first six authors followed by et al. and include the DOI when available, and unpublished material including personal communications must not be included.
Figures & Tables Manuscript may contain no more than 2 figures and/or tables in total. Figures must be submitted individually with captions at the end of the manuscript, while tables must be directly inserted into the manuscript. Each figure and table must be cited in numerical order in the text, and multi-panel figures must label panels as (A), (B), (C), (D), etc.
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Clinical Trial

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract should be structured in a single paragraph and include the clinical trial registration information, including the Unique Identifier and URL.
Manuscript Clinical Trial articles have a maximum word count of 12,000. Manuscript should be organized as Abstract including the clinical trial registry number, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. At least five and no more than eight keywords are required, the first page must state the word count and the number of figures and tables, a 200-word scope statement and a 200-word contribution to the field statement are required at submission, funding information must be included in a funding section, and any use of generative AI must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section and in the methods section if applicable with the name, version, model, and source.
References References must include only cited published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. with author given names abbreviated to initials, and include the DOI when available.
Figures & Tables Figures must be submitted individually with captions placed at the end of the manuscript, while tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript and placed at the end in editable source form. Each figure and table must be cited in numerical order in the text, multi-panel figures must use labels such as (A), (B), and (C), graphs must label axes with units, and all figures or images must include alternative text.
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Case Report

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract must be structured in a single paragraph.
Manuscript Manuscript must not exceed 3,000 words. Manuscript must be organized as Abstract, Introduction, Case description, Diagnostic assessment, therapeutic intervention, follow-up and outcomes, Discussion, and Patient perspective. Manuscript must include a timeline figure or table and acknowledge any generative AI use in the acknowledgements and methods section if applicable.
References References must include only cited published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. when applicable, abbreviate given names to initials, and include the DOI when available.
Figures & Tables Case Report articles may contain no more than 4 display items, including figures and tables. Figures must be submitted individually with captions at the end of the manuscript, and tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript. Figures and tables must be cited in numerical order, and figure panels must be labeled with letters when applicable.
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Brief Research Report

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract must be a single paragraph and should be structured, for example following the IMRAD format.
Manuscript Manuscript must not exceed 4,000 words. Manuscript should be organized as Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion. Manuscript must include 5 to 8 keywords, and any use of generative AI must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section and in the methods section if applicable with the name, version, model, and source listed.
References References must include only published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. with authors’ given names abbreviated to initials, and include the DOI when available.
Figures & Tables Manuscript may contain no more than 4 figures and tables in total. Figures must be submitted individually with captions placed at the end of the manuscript, and tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript at the end. Each figure and table must be cited in numerical order in the text, and multipanel figures must use labels such as (A), (B), and (C).
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Recent Publications

SARS-CoV-2-host and interactions: the dual roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases and ubiquitin-like modification mechanisms in viral infection

Jingyi Fu, Zhizhong Mi, Zhaolong Li

10.3389/fimmu.2026.1796416
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The effect of frequent plasmapheresis in a patient with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody diseases with severe renal dysfunction: a case report and literature review

Huimin Tian, Qian Ren, Hongyu Qiu, Shenju Gou

10.3389/fimmu.2026.1825085
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A federated digital twin reveals cytomegalovirus reactivation impairs CAR-T cell therapy via IL-15-mediated cytokine competition in B-Cell lymphoma

Padmasri Sridharan, Mini Ghosh

10.3389/fimmu.2026.1844927
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Neoadjuvant PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma achieving pathological complete response: a case report and literature review

Yuanli You, Mingxing Yang, Zhiwei Chen, Xiayu Wu, Wen Dong

10.3389/fimmu.2026.1826272
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Cellular senescence in Crohn’s disease: a double-edged sword in intestinal fibrosis

Jinguo Liu, Liangliang Yu

10.3389/fimmu.2026.1825690
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Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to publish?

Is a cover letter required?

A traditional cover letter is not allowed. Authors must prepare a 200-word contribution to the field statement.

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What are the publication costs?

Article processing charges (APCs) apply to accepted articles.

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Research Topics

Immune Cell Function and Interaction T-cell and B-cell Immunology Immunotherapy and Immune Responses Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers Immune cells in cancer Immune Response and Inflammation CAR-T cell therapy research SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research Inflammasome and immune disorders IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis interferon and immune responses Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research Gut microbiota and health Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms Reproductive System and Pregnancy Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches Extracellular vesicles in disease HIV Research and Treatment Asthma and respiratory diseases

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