Overview
Submission Instructions
Recent Publications
Frequently Asked Questions
Research Topics
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Frontiers in Immunology explores novel approaches and diagnoses to treat immune disorders and publishes research across basic, translational and clinical immunology, including work from the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).
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Subject
Immunology
Impact Factor
5.9
Quartile
Q1
Open Access Type
Open
ISSN
1664-3224
eISSN
1664-3224
Invitation Only
No
Cost Range
Article processing charges (APCs) apply to accepted articles.
Submission Instructions
Frontiers in Immunology accepts the following article types. Click on an article type to view submission instructions.
Original Research
Cover Letter
Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract
Abstract should be structured in a single paragraph, for example following IMRAD.
Manuscript
Manuscript must not exceed 12,000 words. Manuscript should be organized as Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. Manuscript must include 5 to 8 keywords and acknowledge any use of generative AI in the acknowledgements and in the methods section if applicable, including the tool name, version, model, and source.
References
References must list the first six authors followed by et al., abbreviate given names to initials, include the DOI when available, and ensure every in-text citation appears in the reference list and vice versa.
Figures & Tables
Figures must be submitted individually with captions at the end of the manuscript, while tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript. Figures must be numbered in the order cited with panel labels where applicable, and tables must be provided in editable source form rather than as figures.
Systematic Review
Cover Letter
Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract
Abstract should be structured in a single paragraph.
Manuscript
Manuscript must not exceed 12,000 words. Manuscript should be organized as Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, with Systematic Review-specific content including a PICOS-defined research question and the listed review methods and results elements. Manuscript must include 5 to 8 keywords, funding information including a statement if no specific funding supported the research, and an acknowledgment of any generative AI use in the acknowledgements and methods sections if applicable.
References
References must include only published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. with authors' given names abbreviated to initials, include the DOI when available, and exclude unpublished material and personal communications.
Figures & Tables
Figures must be submitted individually with captions at the end of the manuscript, while tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript and placed at the end. Figures and tables must be cited in numerical order in the text, and multi-panel figures must use labels such as (A), (B), (C), and (D).
Review
Cover Letter
Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract
Abstract must be a single paragraph and should be structured.
Manuscript
Manuscript must not exceed 12,000 words. Manuscript must be organized as Abstract, Introduction, subject-relevant subsections, and Discussion. Manuscript must include at least five and no more than eight keywords, and any use of generative AI must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section and in the methods section if applicable with the name, version, model, and source listed.
References
References must include only published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. with authors’ given names abbreviated to initials, include the DOI when available, and unpublished material such as personal communications must not be included.
Figures & Tables
Figures must be submitted individually with captions placed at the end of the manuscript, and tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript. Each figure and table must be cited in numerical order in the text.
Mini Review
Cover Letter
Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract
Abstract must be included and the manuscript must use the format Abstract, Introduction, subject-relevant subsections, and Discussion.
Manuscript
Manuscript must not exceed 3,000 words. Manuscript must be organized as Abstract, Introduction, subject-relevant subsections, and Discussion, and should address different schools of thought or controversies, current research gaps, and potential future developments in the field. Manuscript must include 5 to 8 keywords and acknowledge any use of generative AI in the acknowledgements section and in the methods section if applicable, including the tool name, version, model, and source.
References
References must list the first six authors followed by et al. and include the DOI when available, and unpublished material including personal communications must not be included.
Figures & Tables
Manuscript may contain no more than 2 figures and/or tables in total. Figures must be submitted individually with captions at the end of the manuscript, while tables must be directly inserted into the manuscript. Each figure and table must be cited in numerical order in the text, and multi-panel figures must label panels as (A), (B), (C), (D), etc.
Clinical Trial
Cover Letter
Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract
Abstract should be structured in a single paragraph and include the clinical trial registration information, including the Unique Identifier and URL.
Manuscript
Clinical Trial articles have a maximum word count of 12,000. Manuscript should be organized as Abstract including the clinical trial registry number, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. At least five and no more than eight keywords are required, the first page must state the word count and the number of figures and tables, a 200-word scope statement and a 200-word contribution to the field statement are required at submission, funding information must be included in a funding section, and any use of generative AI must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section and in the methods section if applicable with the name, version, model, and source.
References
References must include only cited published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. with author given names abbreviated to initials, and include the DOI when available.
Figures & Tables
Figures must be submitted individually with captions placed at the end of the manuscript, while tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript and placed at the end in editable source form. Each figure and table must be cited in numerical order in the text, multi-panel figures must use labels such as (A), (B), and (C), graphs must label axes with units, and all figures or images must include alternative text.
Case Report
Cover Letter
Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract
Abstract must be structured in a single paragraph.
Manuscript
Manuscript must not exceed 3,000 words. Manuscript must be organized as Abstract, Introduction, Case description, Diagnostic assessment, therapeutic intervention, follow-up and outcomes, Discussion, and Patient perspective. Manuscript must include a timeline figure or table and acknowledge any generative AI use in the acknowledgements and methods section if applicable.
References
References must include only cited published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. when applicable, abbreviate given names to initials, and include the DOI when available.
Figures & Tables
Case Report articles may contain no more than 4 display items, including figures and tables. Figures must be submitted individually with captions at the end of the manuscript, and tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript. Figures and tables must be cited in numerical order, and figure panels must be labeled with letters when applicable.
Brief Research Report
Cover Letter
Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract
Abstract must be a single paragraph and should be structured, for example following the IMRAD format.
Manuscript
Manuscript must not exceed 4,000 words. Manuscript should be organized as Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion. Manuscript must include 5 to 8 keywords, and any use of generative AI must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section and in the methods section if applicable with the name, version, model, and source listed.
References
References must include only published or accepted works, list the first six authors followed by et al. with authors’ given names abbreviated to initials, and include the DOI when available.
Figures & Tables
Manuscript may contain no more than 4 figures and tables in total. Figures must be submitted individually with captions placed at the end of the manuscript, and tables must be inserted directly into the manuscript at the end. Each figure and table must be cited in numerical order in the text, and multipanel figures must use labels such as (A), (B), and (C).
Recent Publications
Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of bronchial lymph nodes reveals mechanisms of PRRSV escape from host adaptive immunity
Shu-yuan Guo, Xuan Wang, Jiaying Zhu, Chang Liu, Hao Zhou, Yaqi Chen, Yu Bai, Haoran Liu, Wen-hai Feng
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1869357
View Publication
Spatially organized macrophage–T-cell crosstalk in cervical cancer: insights from single-cell and spatial omics
Li Huang, Nan Lin, Hao Li, Yong Hu
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1896004
View Publication
Staining patterns of autoantibodies in indirect immunofluorescence for autoimmune diseases of the digestive system: morphological characteristics and clinical significance
Xiuying Shi, Xu Han, Yusi Liu, Min Zhao
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1796837
View Publication
M13 phage-based antigen presentation and immune response activation in vaccine development for animal infectious diseases
Guodong Zhou, Jiahui Zhang, Zhihui Zhang, Shengliang Cao, Yubao Li
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1882961
View Publication
Frequency-selective thymic programming by early-life cold stress requires interferon regulatory factor 5
Shengnan Wang, Liyuan Li, Haokun Li, Kuo Qu, Liying Wang, Wei Sun
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1851219
View Publication
Frequently asked questions
How long does it take to publish?
Decision on manuscripts in 77 days.
Reformat to Frontiers in Immunology using Livewrite PremiumIs a cover letter required?
A traditional cover letter is not allowed. Authors must prepare a 200-word contribution to the field statement.
Reformat to Frontiers in Immunology using Livewrite PremiumWhat are the publication costs?
Article processing charges (APCs) apply to accepted articles.
Reformat to Frontiers in Immunology using Livewrite PremiumResearch Topics
Immune Cell Function and Interaction
T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Immune cells in cancer
Immune Response and Inflammation
CAR-T cell therapy research
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Inflammasome and immune disorders
IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
interferon and immune responses
Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Gut microbiota and health
Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Extracellular vesicles in disease
HIV Research and Treatment
Asthma and respiratory diseases