Overview
Submission Instructions
Recent Publications
Frequently Asked Questions
Research Topics
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BMC Anesthesiology is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in all aspects of anesthesiology, critical care, perioperative care and pain management, including clinical and experimental research into anesthetic mechanisms, administration and efficacy, technology and monitoring, and associated economic issues. It is part of the BMC series, which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across biology and medicine, and editorial decisions are based on scientific validity rather than likely impact.
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Subject
Anesthesiology
Impact Factor
2.6
Quartile
Q2
Open Access Type
Open
ISSN
1471-2253
eISSN
1471-2253
Invitation Only
No
Cost Range
Article processing charge: £2590.00 GBP / $3290.00 USD / €2890.00 EUR; subject to VAT or local taxes where applicable.
Submission Instructions
BMC Anesthesiology accepts the following article types. Click on an article type to view submission instructions.
Research Article
Cover Letter
A cover letter is required. Cover letter must explain why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, address any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, confirm all authors approved the submission, and confirm the content has not been published or submitted elsewhere.
Abstract
An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 350 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, and articles reporting health care interventions on human participants must also include a Trial registration section with registration number and date, using 'retrospectively registered' if applicable.
Manuscript
Manuscript must include a title page with a title that includes the study design where appropriate, full author names and institutional addresses, corresponding author identification, and main sections comprising Background, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, and a Declarations section. Manuscript must include three to ten keywords, a Declarations section with the subheadings Ethics approval and consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and materials, Competing interests, Funding, Authors' contributions, Acknowledgements, and optional Authors' information with 'Not applicable' where relevant, a list of abbreviations if abbreviations are used, and any Large Language Model use documented in the Methods section or suitable alternative part.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. Only published or in-press articles, clinical trial registration records, abstracts, and public preprints may be cited, unpublished abstracts, unpublished data, and personal communications must not appear in the reference list, journal abbreviations must follow Index Medicus/MEDLINE, and web links or URLs must be cited in the reference list in full with site title, URL, and access date.
Figures & Tables
Tables shorter than one page may be placed within the manuscript, longer tables may be placed at the end of the text file with their intended location indicated, figure titles and legends must appear in the main manuscript rather than in the image files, and figures must be uploaded separately in the order first cited. If cropped gels or blots are shown in the main text, the cropping must be واضح and corresponding uncropped full-length labelled images showing crop locations must be provided together in one supplementary figure, with the legend stating that the full-length blots or gels appear in a supplementary figure.
Review
Cover Letter
A cover letter is required. Cover letter must explain why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, explain any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, confirm all authors approved the submission, and confirm the manuscript has not been published or submitted elsewhere.
Abstract
An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 350 words.
Manuscript
Review manuscripts must include Background, Main text, Conclusions, and a Declarations section, and Systematic Reviews and Scoping Reviews must be submitted as Systematic Reviews. Manuscript must include three to ten keywords, define abbreviations at first use with a list of abbreviations if used, and document any use of a Large Language Model in the Methods section or another suitable part of the manuscript if no Methods section is available.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. Only published articles, clinical trial registration records, and published or publicly available abstracts may be cited, unpublished abstracts, unpublished data, and personal communications must not appear in the reference list, journal abbreviations must follow Index Medicus/MEDLINE, and web links or URLs must be numbered and included in the reference list in full with site title, URL, and access date.
Figures & Tables
Tables shorter than one page may be placed within the manuscript, tables longer than one page may be placed at the end of the text file, figure titles and legends must appear in the main manuscript rather than the graphic files, and figures must be uploaded separately in the order first cited. Multi-panel figures must be submitted as a single composite file, tables must be created using the word processor table function rather than embedded as figures or spreadsheets, and tables must not use color or shading.
Systematic Review
Cover Letter
A cover letter is required. Cover letter must explain why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, address any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, confirm all authors approved the submission, and confirm the content has not been published or submitted elsewhere.
Abstract
An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 350 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, and a registration number should be included as the last line if the systematic review was registered.
Manuscript
Manuscript must include the section headings Background, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, List of abbreviations, and Declarations. Manuscript must include three to ten keywords, define abbreviations at first use and provide a list of abbreviations if used, document any Large Language Model use in the Methods section or another suitable section, and include Declarations subheadings for Ethics approval and consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and materials, Competing interests, Funding, Authors' contributions, and Acknowledgements with 'Not applicable' where irrelevant.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. Only published or in-press articles, clinical trial registration records, abstracts, and publicly available preprints may be cited, unpublished abstracts/data and personal communications must be excluded from the reference list, journal abbreviations must follow Index Medicus/MEDLINE, and URLs must appear as full references with access dates.
Figures & Tables
Tables shorter than one page may be placed within the manuscript, tables longer than one page may be placed at the end of the text file, and figure titles and legends must be provided in the main manuscript while figure files are uploaded separately. Figures and tables must be numbered in the order cited, multi-panel figures must be submitted as a single composite file, and tables must be created using the word processor's table function rather than embedded as figures or spreadsheet files.
Meta-Analysis
Cover Letter
A cover letter is required. Cover letter must explain why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, explain any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, and confirm that all authors approved the manuscript for submission.
Abstract
An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 350 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, and for registered systematic reviews the registration number should be given as the last line of the abstract.
Manuscript
Manuscript must include the section headings Background, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, List of abbreviations, and Declarations. Manuscript must include three to ten keywords, define abbreviations at first use with a List of abbreviations if abbreviations are used, include a Declarations section with the required subheadings even when marked 'Not applicable', specify individual author contributions, and document any use of a Large Language Model in the Methods section or another suitable section.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. Only published or in-press articles, clinical trial registration records, abstracts, and publicly available preprints may be cited, unpublished abstracts, unpublished data, and personal communications must not appear in the reference list, journal abbreviations must follow Index Medicus/MEDLINE, and URLs must be cited in the numbered reference list in full with site title, URL, and access date.
Figures & Tables
Tables shorter than one page may be placed within the manuscript, longer tables may be placed at the end of the document, and figure legends and titles must appear in the main manuscript while figure files are uploaded separately. Figures and tables must be numbered in the order first cited in the text, multi-panel figures must be submitted as a single composite file, tables must not be embedded as figures, and table titles and figure titles must not exceed 15 words while table legends and figure legends must not exceed 300 words.
Database Article
Cover Letter
Cover letter is required. Cover letter must explain why the manuscript should be published, address any journal policy issues, declare any potential competing interests, confirm all authors approved the submission, and confirm the manuscript is not published or under consideration elsewhere.
Abstract
Abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 350 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include Background, Main Body, and Short Conclusion.
Manuscript
Manuscript must include Background, Construction and content, Utility and discussion, Conclusions, and a Declarations section with the subheadings Ethics approval and consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and materials, Competing interests, Funding, Authors' contributions, Acknowledgements, and Authors' information. Manuscript must provide 3 to 10 keywords, include an Availability of data and materials statement giving the database web/ftp address and any restrictions for non-academics, and document any use of a Large Language Model in the Methods section or another suitable section if no Methods section is available.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. Web links and URLs must be cited in the reference list with a reference number and given in full including the site title, full URL, and access date.
Figures & Tables
Tables shorter than one page may be embedded in the manuscript, while tables longer than one page may be placed at the end of the text file with their intended location indicated in the text. Table footnotes should use superscript lower-case letters, or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data.
Software Article
Cover Letter
A cover letter is required. Cover letter must explain why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, explain any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, confirm all authors approved the submission, and confirm the content has not been published or submitted elsewhere.
Abstract
An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 350 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Background, Results, and Conclusions.
Manuscript
Manuscript should include Background, Implementation, Results, and Conclusions sections, with Results optionally combined with Discussion, plus an Availability and requirements section. Manuscript must provide three to ten keywords, include a Declarations section with the required subsections and 'Not applicable' where irrelevant, include an Availability of data and materials statement, document any use of a Large Language Model in Methods or a suitable alternative section, include a link to the software project home page, and provide a list of abbreviations if abbreviations are used.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. Web links and URLs, including links to authors' own websites, must be cited with a reference number and included in the reference list in full with the site title, URL, and access date, and citations of publicly available datasets on which the conclusions rely should include a persistent identifier such as a DOI and ideally be included in the reference list.
Figures & Tables
Tables less than one page may be placed within the manuscript, while tables larger than one page may be placed at the end of the document text file. Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters, or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data.
Case Report
Cover Letter
A cover letter is required and for Case Reports it must explain why the case is rare or unusual, its educational and/or scientific merits, why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, include any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, and confirm all authors approved the submission. The cover letter must describe how the case is rare or unusual and its educational and/or scientific merits, explain why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, address any journal policy issues, declare potential competing interests, and confirm that all authors approved the manuscript for submission.
Abstract
An abstract is required for Case Reports. The abstract must not exceed 350 words. The abstract must be structured. The abstract must include the headings Background, Case presentation, and Conclusions.
Manuscript
The manuscript must include a title, title page with full author names and institutional addresses and the corresponding author indicated, and the main sections Background, Case presentation, Discussion and Conclusions, plus a Declarations section. The manuscript must include three to ten keywords, a statement in the Consent for publication section that consent to publish was obtained, a list of abbreviations if abbreviations are used, and a Declarations section with the required subheadings, using 'Not applicable' where a subsection is not relevant.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. Only published or in-press articles, clinical trial registration records, abstracts, and publicly available preprints may be cited, unpublished abstracts, unpublished data, and personal communications must be excluded from the reference list, journal abbreviations must follow Index Medicus/MEDLINE, and web links must be cited as full references with access dates.
Figures & Tables
Tables shorter than one page may be placed within the manuscript, longer tables may be placed at the end of the text file, and figure titles and legends must appear in the main manuscript while figure files are uploaded separately. Clinical photographs must be accompanied by a statement that written consent to publish was obtained from the patient or patients, multi-panel figures must be submitted as a single composite file, and tables must be created using the word processor's table function rather than embedded as figures.
Scoping Review
Cover Letter
A cover letter is required. Cover letter must explain why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, address any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, confirm all authors approved the submission, and confirm the manuscript has not been published or submitted elsewhere.
Abstract
An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 350 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, and must also include Trial registration for reports of health care interventions on human participants.
Manuscript
Manuscript must include the section headings Background, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, List of abbreviations, and Declarations. Manuscript must include 3 to 10 keywords, specify individual author contributions, document any use of a Large Language Model in the Methods or another suitable section, and include all Declarations subheadings even when marked 'Not applicable'.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. Only published or in-press articles, clinical trial registration records, abstracts, and publicly available preprints may be cited, and web links must be numbered and included in the reference list in full.
Figures & Tables
Tables shorter than one page may be placed within the manuscript, tables longer than one page may be placed at the end of the text file, and figure titles and legends must be provided in the main manuscript rather than in figure files. Figures and tables must be numbered in the order cited in the text, multi-panel figures must be submitted as one composite file, and tables must be created using the word processor's table function rather than embedded as figures.
Umbrella Review
Cover Letter
A cover letter is required. Cover letter must explain why the manuscript should be published, explain any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, and confirm that all authors approved the submission.
Abstract
An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 350 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, and for applicable health care intervention studies on human participants also a Trial registration section.
Manuscript
Manuscript must include the section headings Background, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, List of abbreviations, and Declarations. Manuscript must include three to ten keywords and a Declarations section with Ethics approval and consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and materials, Competing interests, Funding, Authors' contributions, and Acknowledgements, with Authors' information optional and non-applicable sections marked 'Not applicable', and any use of a Large Language Model documented in the Methods section or another suitable section.
References
References must follow Vancouver style. References must not be cited in the abstract, only published or publicly available items may be cited, unpublished abstracts/data and personal communications must not appear in the reference list, journal abbreviations must follow Index Medicus/MEDLINE, and URLs must be numbered and included in the reference list in full with site title, URL, and access date.
Figures & Tables
Tables shorter than one page may be placed within the manuscript, larger tables may be placed at the end of the text file, and figure titles and legends must be provided in the main manuscript rather than in the graphic files. Figures and tables must be numbered in the order first cited in the text, multi-panel figures must be submitted as a single composite file, and tables must be created with the word processor's table function rather than embedded as figures or spreadsheet files.
Recent Publications
Serum S100A6, ICAM-1, and S100B and neurocognitive outcomes after pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Cong Xiao, YuanYan Tu, Ping Ge
10.1186/s12871-026-04095-1
View Publication
Association of peri-reperfusion oxygen exposure and early allograft dysfunction after deceased donor orthotopic liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study
Elizabeth A. Wilson, Gaurav P. Patel, David W. Boorman, Craig S. Jabaley
10.1186/s12871-026-04217-9
View Publication
Comparison of the effectiveness of the SPB and TTP block combinations versus the PECS 2 block in modified radical mastectomy: a prospective randomized study
Halide Sağlambilen, Mehmet Selim Çömez, Onur Koyuncu, Sedat Hakimoğlu, Senem Urfalı
10.1186/s12871-026-04210-2
View Publication
Correction: Esketamine-led opioid-free anaesthesia reduces postoperative pulmonary complications in bariatric surgery patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial
He-Liang Sun, Han-Yu Liu, Chen-Qi Jiang, Zi-Feng Wu, Wen-Li Wang, Si-Qi Yang, Hui Liang, Shi-Bo Lin, Cun-Ming Liu, Chun Yang
10.1186/s12871-026-04193-0
View Publication
Ultrasound–CT fusion versus ultrasound guidance for lumbar nerve root block in multilevel lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective comparative cohort study
Tingting Mu, Qin Ting, Shi Wei, Haimiti Abudouaini, Jianbin Guan, Hong Zhang
10.1186/s12871-026-04223-x
View Publication
Frequently asked questions
How long does it take to publish?
Submission to first decision (median): 15 days.
Reformat to BMC Anesthesiology using Livewrite PremiumIs a cover letter required?
A cover letter is required and should explain why the manuscript should be published in BMC Anesthesiology, address any issues relating to journal policies, declare any potential competing interests, confirm that all authors approved the submission, confirm that the content has not been published or submitted elsewhere, and name the special issue if applicable. Authors may also suggest preferred or non-preferred peer reviewers in the cover letter.
Reformat to BMC Anesthesiology using Livewrite PremiumWhat are the publication costs?
Article processing charge: £2590.00 GBP / $3290.00 USD / €2890.00 EUR, subject to VAT or local taxes where applicable.
Reformat to BMC Anesthesiology using Livewrite PremiumResearch Topics
Anesthesia and Pain Management
Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
Nausea and vomiting management
Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
Tracheal and airway disorders
Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
Pain Management and Opioid Use
Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Thermal Regulation in Medicine
Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Effects
Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Abdominal Surgery and Complications