AI

Artificial Intelligence Surgery

Artificial Intelligence Surgery is an open access journal focused on the application of artificial intelligence in surgery, with topics including computer vision, deep learning, machine learning, natural language processing, robotic surgery, radiomics, and related surgical specialties. The journal has published since 2021 and highlights special topics, featured articles, and author resources.

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Subject Surgery
Impact Factor 3.6
Quartile Q1
Open Access Type Open
eISSN 2771-0408
Invitation Only No
Cost Range APC: $2600 per submission; no additional charges based on color, length, figures, or other elements.

Submission Instructions

Artificial Intelligence Surgery accepts the following article types. Click on an article type to view submission instructions.

Original Article

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for Original Article submissions. The cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, study background, research question and rationale, what was done, main findings and significance, why the paper fits the journal and interests readers, confirmation of author approval, a statement of no academic misconduct, and any applicable Special Topic, conference presentation, or overlap details.
Abstract Original Articles must include an abstract. The abstract must not exceed 250 words. The abstract must be structured. The abstract must include the headings Aim, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
Manuscript Original Articles should use the structure Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Declarations, and References. Original Articles must include 3–8 keywords, a correspondence line with the corresponding author's name, department, institution, detailed address, email, and ORCID, and a Declarations section containing Authors’ contributions, Availability of data and materials, Financial support and sponsorship, Conflicts of interest, Ethical approval and consent to participate, and Consent for publication.
References References must be cited in sequence using superscript square brackets, include DOI or website links, and list the top six authors’ names.
Figures & Tables Figures and tables must be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where they are first cited. Tables must be provided in editable DOC or DOCX form, and diagrams with descriptive words must be editable in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint rather than supplied as images.
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Mini Review

Cover Letter A cover letter is required. Cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, a brief background, the research question and rationale, what was done, the main findings and their significance, why the manuscript fits the journal and interests readers, confirmation that all authors approved submission, and a declaration that there is no academic misconduct.
Abstract An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 250 words. Abstract must be unstructured.
Manuscript Mini Review must not exceed 3000 words. Main text may consist of several sections with unfixed section titles and should include an Introduction at the beginning and a Conclusion at the end. The manuscript must include 3-8 keywords, an Authors' Contributions section, an AI and AI-assisted tools Statement section, a Financial Support and Sponsorship section, and a Conflicts of Interest section.
References References must be numbered in order of appearance, cited in square brackets, and list all authors' names.
Figures & Tables Figures and tables must be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where they are first cited. Figure captions must appear below figures, table captions must appear above tables, and tables must be provided in editable DOC or DOCX format rather than as pictures.
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Scoping Review

Cover Letter A cover letter is required. Cover letter must state the manuscript title and article type, summarize the study background, question, methods, main findings and significance, explain fit for the journal and reader interest, confirm all authors approved submission, and declare no academic misconduct.
Abstract An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 250 words. Abstract must be unstructured.
Manuscript Main text may consist of several sections with unfixed section titles and should include an Introduction at the beginning and a Conclusion at the end. Manuscript must include 3-8 keywords, an Authors' Contributions section, an AI and AI-assisted tools Statement section, a Financial Support and Sponsorship section, a Conflicts of Interest section, and for Scoping Reviews a PRISMA compliance statement in the Methods section with registration details if applicable.
References References must be numbered in order of appearance, cited in square brackets in the text, list all authors when there are six or fewer or the first three followed by et al. when there are more than six, and use Index Medicus journal abbreviations.
Figures & Tables Figures and tables must be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where they are first cited. Tables and figures must be restricted to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and assess supporting data.
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Review

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for Review submissions. The cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, a brief study summary with background, question, methods, main findings and significance, why it fits the journal and interests readers, confirmation of author approval, a statement of no academic misconduct, and any applicable Special Topic or conference presentation details.
Abstract An abstract is required for Review articles. The abstract must not exceed 250 words. The abstract must be unstructured. The abstract must not contain citations and must define abbreviations at first mention.
Manuscript Review manuscripts should include the sections Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Main Text, Conclusion, Declarations, and References, with the main text allowed to use several sections with unfixed section titles. Review articles must include 3-8 keywords and include Declarations, including sections such as Authors' Contributions, AI and AI-assisted tools Statement, Financial Support and Sponsorship, and Conflicts of Interest.
References References must be cited in sequence throughout the manuscript using superscript square brackets. References must be numbered in order of appearance at the end of the manuscript, and the top six authors' names should be listed in each reference.
Figures & Tables Figures, tables, and equations should be cited in sequence in the main content near their first appearance. Table captions must be placed above tables and labeled sequentially, and figure labels and symbols must be clear, uniform, and contrasting with the background.
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Systematic Review

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for submission. Cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, study background, research question and rationale, what was done, main findings and significance, fit with the journal scope, reader interest, confirmation that the manuscript is not published or under consideration elsewhere, confirmation of all authors' approval, and a declaration that there is no academic misconduct in the manuscript.
Abstract A structured abstract is required for Systematic Reviews. Abstract must not exceed 250 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include Aim, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
Manuscript Main text must include Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections, and the Methods section may contain search strategy, study selection, data extraction, synthesis, and analysis. Manuscript must include 3–8 keywords, an Authors' Contributions section, an AI and AI-assisted tools Statement section, a Financial Support and Sponsorship section, and a Conflicts of Interest section.
References References must be numbered and cited in superscript square brackets in sequence throughout the manuscript. References must list the top six authors' names, use Index Medicus journal abbreviations in italicized journal titles, and include a DOI number or website link for each reference.
Figures & Tables Tables, equations, and figures should be cited in sequence in the main content near the first time they appear. Figures can be submitted in TIFF, PSD, AI, or JPEG format at 300–600 dpi, and diagrams containing descriptive words should be editable in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint format.
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Meta-Analysis

Cover Letter A cover letter is required. The cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, study background, research question and rationale, what was done, main findings and their significance, why the paper fits the journal and interests readers, confirmation that all authors approved submission, and a declaration that there is no academic misconduct.
Abstract A structured abstract is required for Meta-Analyses. Abstract must not exceed 250 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Aim, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
Manuscript Main text must include Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections, and the Methods section may contain search strategy, study selection, data extraction, synthesis, and analysis. The manuscript must include 3–8 keywords, an Authors' Contributions section, an AI and AI-assisted tools Statement, a Financial Support and Sponsorship section, and a Conflicts of Interest section.
References References must be numbered and cited in superscript square brackets in sequence throughout the manuscript. References must be listed in order of appearance, use Index Medicus journal abbreviations in italics, include a DOI number or website link for each reference, and list the top six authors' names.
Figures & Tables Tables, equations, and figures should be cited in sequence in the main content near the first time they appear. Figures can be submitted in TIFF, PSD, AI, or JPEG format, and diagrams containing descriptive words should be editable in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint format.
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Guideline

Cover Letter A cover letter is required for Guideline submissions. The cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, a brief background, the question addressed and why, what was done, the main findings and their significance, why the manuscript fits the journal and interests readers, confirmation of author approval and submission agreement, a statement of no academic misconduct, and any applicable Special Topic, conference presentation, or overlap disclosures.
Abstract An abstract is required for Guideline articles. The abstract must not exceed 250 words. The abstract must be unstructured. Abstracts must not contain citations and any abbreviations used must be defined at first mention.
Manuscript Manuscripts must use the structure Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Main Text, Conclusion, Declarations, and References, with the main text allowed to consist of several sections with unfixed section titles. The manuscript must include 3–8 keywords, a Declarations section, an Authors’ contributions section, an Availability of data and materials section, an AI and AI-assisted tools Statement section, a Financial support and sponsorship section, and a Conflicts of interest section.
References References must be cited in sequence using superscript square brackets, include DOI numbers or website links, list the top six authors' names, and use Index Medicus journal abbreviations.
Figures & Tables Figures and tables must be cited in sequence in the main content near the first time they appear. Table captions must be placed above tables, tables must avoid non-English words, figures must be submitted in TIFF, PSD, AI, or JPEG format, and diagrams with descriptive words must be editable in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint format.
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Expert Consensus

Cover Letter A cover letter is required. Cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, a brief background, the research question and rationale, what was done, the main findings and their significance, why the manuscript fits the journal and interests readers, confirmation of author approval for submission, and a declaration of no academic misconduct.
Abstract An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 250 words. Abstract must be unstructured.
Manuscript Main text may consist of several sections with unfixed section titles and should include an Introduction at the beginning and a Conclusion at the end. Manuscript must include 3–8 keywords, an Authors' Contributions section, an AI and AI-assisted tools Statement section, a Financial Support and Sponsorship section, and a Conflicts of Interest section.
References References must be numbered in order of appearance, cited in the text in square brackets, list all authors if there are six or fewer or the first three followed by et al. if there are more than six, and use Index Medicus journal abbreviations.
Figures & Tables Figures and tables must be placed after the paragraph where they are first cited. Figures and tables must be limited to those needed to explain the argument and assess supporting data, with figure captions placed below figures and table captions placed above tables.
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Report

Cover Letter A cover letter is required. The cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, a brief background, the question addressed and why, what was done, the main findings and their significance, why the manuscript fits the journal and interests readers, confirmation of author approval, and a statement that there is no academic misconduct.
Abstract An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 250 words. Abstract must be unstructured.
Manuscript Main text may consist of several sections with unfixed section titles and should begin with an Introduction and end with a Conclusion. Manuscript must include 3-8 keywords and a Declarations section containing Authors’ contributions, Availability of data and materials, AI and AI-assisted tools Statement, Financial support and sponsorship, and Conflicts of interest.
References References must be cited in sequence using superscript square brackets, include the top six authors' names, provide a DOI number or website link for each reference, and use Index Medicus journal abbreviations.
Figures & Tables Figures, tables, and equations must be cited in sequence in the main content near their first appearance. Table captions must be placed above tables, tables and figures must avoid non-English content, equations and diagram figures must be editable, and figures must be submitted in TIFF, PSD, AI, or JPEG format.
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Letter To Editor

Cover Letter A cover letter is required. Cover letter must state the manuscript title and article type, summarize the background, question, methods, main findings, significance, fit to the journal, and reader interest, confirm all authors approved the submission, and declare no academic misconduct.
Abstract An abstract is optional. Abstract, if included, should not exceed 250 words. Abstract should be unstructured.
Manuscript Manuscript should be organized as Main Text, Declarations, and References. Manuscript must include Authors’ contributions, Availability of data and materials, AI and AI-assisted tools Statement, Financial support and sponsorship, Conflicts of interest, Ethical approval and consent to participate, and Consent for publication sections.
References References must be cited in sequence using superscript square brackets. References must be numbered in order of appearance, list up to six authors, use Index Medicus journal abbreviations, and include a DOI number or website link for each reference.
Figures & Tables Figures and tables must be cited in sequence throughout the manuscript. Table pictures are not allowed, and diagrams with descriptive words must be editable in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint format.
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Short Communication

Cover Letter A cover letter is required. The cover letter must include the manuscript title and type, study background, research question and rationale, what was done, main findings and significance, fit with the journal and reader interest, confirmation of exclusive submission, approval by all authors, a statement of no academic misconduct, and any applicable special topic, conference presentation, conflict of interest, or overlap disclosures.
Abstract An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 250 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Aim, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
Manuscript Main text must include the sections Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The manuscript must include 3–8 keywords plus Authors' Contributions, AI and AI-assisted tools Statement, Financial Support and Sponsorship, and Conflicts of Interest sections.
References References must be numbered in order of appearance and cited in the text in square brackets, with all authors listed for six or fewer authors and the first three followed by et al. for more than six.
Figures & Tables Figures and tables must be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where they are first cited. Figure captions must appear below figures and table captions must appear above tables.
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Brief Report

Cover Letter A cover letter is required. Cover letter must state the manuscript title and type, summarize the study background, question, methods, main findings, significance, journal fit and reader appeal, confirm all authors approved submission, and declare no academic misconduct.
Abstract An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 250 words. Abstract must be structured. Abstract must include the headings Aim, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
Manuscript Main text must include the sections Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. Manuscript must include 3–8 keywords, an Authors' Contributions section, an AI and AI-assisted tools Statement section, a Financial Support and Sponsorship section, and a Conflicts of Interest section.
References References must be numbered in order of appearance, cited in square brackets in the text, and list all authors if there are six or fewer or the first three followed by "et al." if there are more than six.
Figures & Tables Brief Reports usually contain two figures and/or one table. Figures and tables must be placed after the paragraph where they are first cited. Figure captions must appear below figures and table captions must appear above tables.
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Recent Publications

Toward a standardized methodological framework for developing computer vision models in staging laparoscopy

Francesca Tozzi, Seyed Amir Mousavi, Robbe De Muynck, Dario Quintini, Adris Molnar, Femke Van Vaerenbergh, Xander De Lille, Matthias Van Liefferinge, Wim Ceelen, Wouter Willaert, Wesley De Neve, Niki Rashidian

10.20517/ais.2025.122
View Publication

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI radiological and deep learning radiomics models for predicting dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma and patient prognosis

Huilin Sun, Jingcheng Hu, Qian Wu, Tao Zhang, Mingzhan Du, Ximing Wang, Yan Yang, Chunhong Hu, Yixing Yu

10.20517/ais.2026.04
View Publication

Application of artificial intelligence incorporating PI-RADS v2.1 to prevent unnecessary prostate biopsies

Kun-Che Lin, Shu-Wei Liu, Yung-Ming Kuo, Gia-Shing Shieh, Yuh-Shyan Tsai, Chien-Hui Ou, Kuan-Yu Wu, Chun-Hung Yang, Che-Yuan Hu

10.20517/ais.2025.105
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Automated CTA-based perforator mapping for DIEP flap planning in breast cancer reconstruction

Ayush K. Kapila, Diego Lamtenzan Marcos, Jakub Ceranka, Carola Brussaard, Pieter Thomas Boonen, Laure Ledegen, Jef Vandemeulebroucke, Moustapha Hamdi

10.20517/ais.2026.01
View Publication

Artificial intelligence in the management of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

Suibi Yang, Hongjie Shen, Jie Yang, Yuxing Wang, Jing Zhang, Lifeng Xing, Pengmin Zhou, Pengpeng Chen, Hongying Ni, Yuetian Yu, Zhongheng Zhang

10.20517/ais.2025.100
View Publication

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to publish?

Median time to first editorial decision: 8 days.

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Is a cover letter required?

A cover letter is required for each manuscript. It should explain the significance of the study, fit with the journal scope, appeal to readers, confirm exclusive submission and author approval, and note any Special Topic or conference presentation details.

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What are the publication costs?

Article Processing Charge: $2600 per submission after acceptance; no additional charges based on color, length, figures, or other elements.

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Research Topics

Surgical Simulation and Training Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging Medical Imaging and Analysis Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research Anatomy and Medical Technology Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques Diversity and Career in Medicine AI in cancer detection Soft Robotics and Applications Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging Digital Imaging in Medicine Liver Disease and Transplantation Hernia repair and management Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment COVID-19 diagnosis using AI Medical Image Segmentation Techniques Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

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TT
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