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Trends In Immunology

Trends in Immunology plays an essential role in monitoring advances in the various fields of immunology, bringing together the results in a readable and lucid form. The backbone of each issue is a series of succinct reviews and hypothesis-driven viewpoints.

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Subject Immunology
Impact Factor 13.9
Quartile Q1
Open Access Type Hybrid
ISSN 1471-4906
eISSN 1471-4981
Invitation Only Yes
Cost Range Article publishing charge: $7,030 for open access.

Submission Instructions

Trends In Immunology is an invitation-only journal. Submissions are accepted by invitation from the editorial board only. The following article types are accepted:

Review

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract is required and must be 100–120 words. Abstract must be 100–120 words. Abstract must not include reference citations.
Manuscript Main text must be 3000–3500 words, excluding boxes, tables, figure legends, abstract, and references. Manuscript must use a short descriptive introductory heading instead of “Introduction,” keep the introduction to one or two paragraphs, use informative bold headings with italic subheadings outside the introduction, and end with “Concluding Remarks” or “Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives.” Manuscript must include 3–5 Highlights uploaded as a separate Word file, an Outstanding Questions Box of up to 2000 characters uploaded as a separate Word file, a declaration of interests section, and a “Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process” section when applicable.
References No more than 80 references are permitted. References must be numbered and cited in square brackets in the order of appearance, while unpublished work and websites must be cited in the main text in parentheses and not included in the reference list.
Figures & Tables Review articles may contain up to six additional elements consisting of figures, tables, and text boxes, with no more than four text boxes, and may include either one Key Figure or one Key Table but not both. Figures must be supplied as separate files rather than embedded in the main text, whereas tables must be created in Word and submitted as part of the main document rather than as separate files. Figure legends must have a short explanatory title, fully explain the figure without referring to the text, and not exceed 250 words, while tables must have a single-sentence title, no legend, and use superscript lowercase-letter footnotes for abbreviations not defined in the main text.
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Opinion

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract is required and must be 100–120 words. Abstract must be 100–120 words.
Manuscript Main text must not exceed 2500 words, excluding boxes, tables, figure legends, abstract, and references. Manuscript must begin with a descriptively headed introduction stating the opinion clearly, use informative bold headings with italic subheadings except in the introductory section, and end with a section titled "Concluding remarks" or "Concluding remarks and future perspectives." Highlights are required as 3–5 bullet points in a separate Word file, an unnumbered Outstanding Questions Box of no more than 2000 characters is required in a separate Word file, a declaration of interests section must be included, and any use of generative AI in writing must be declared in a separate section after the declaration of interests.
References No more than 60 references are permitted. References must be numbered and cited in the text in square brackets in order of appearance, while unpublished work and websites must be cited in the main text in parentheses and not included in the reference list.
Figures & Tables Opinion articles may contain up to four additional elements in total, consisting of figures, tables, and text boxes, and may include either one Key Figure or one Key Table but not both. Figures must be supplied as separate files rather than embedded in the main text, whereas tables must be prepared in Word and submitted as part of the main document rather than as separate files. Figure legends must have a short explanatory title, fully explain the figure without reference to the text, and not exceed 250 words, while tables must have a single-sentence title, no legend, and must not be inserted as images.
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Letter

Cover Letter Cover Letter requirements are not specified.
Abstract Abstract requirements are not specified.
Manuscript Letters must be 700 to 800 words, excluding text in the box, table, or figure legend, and references. Letters should relate to articles that have appeared in Trends in Immunology and must not introduce new data. Letters may include one additional element consisting of a figure, table, or text box, and any text box must not exceed 200 words.
References Letters must include no more than 12 references. References must be numbered and cited in the text in square brackets in the order they appear, and text box references must be included in the main reference list.
Figures & Tables Letters may contain no more than one additional element consisting of a figure, table, or text box. Letter figures must be supplied as separate files rather than embedded in the main text document, whereas tables must be submitted as part of the main document. Letter figure legends must have a short explanatory title and fully explain the figure without reference to the text, while Letter tables must have a single-sentence title, no legend, use the Word table template, and not be inserted as images.
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Recent Publications

The sweet truth about germinal centers

Vishal N. Rao, Ana Luiza T. Silva, Camila H. Coelho

10.1016/j.it.2026.04.005
View Publication

Cooling inflammation through metabolism with 4-octyl itaconate

Hanna F. Voß-Willenbockel, Thekla Cordes

10.1016/j.it.2026.04.004
View Publication

Scaling immunity: sickness as a host defense strategy

A. Clare Sparling, Esther B. Florsheim, Zuri A. Sullivan

10.1016/j.it.2026.03.015
View Publication

Microbes, molecules, and the maternal–fetal interface: rethinking the gut–placenta axis

Gabriela Barrientos, Fabian B. Fahlbusch, Melanie L. Conrad

10.1016/j.it.2026.03.010
View Publication

Trained immunity responses across infectious diseases and cancer vaccines

Kaiyu Fu, Rui Zhang, Yusi Wang, Rutie Yin, Li Yang

10.1016/j.it.2026.03.005
View Publication

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to publish?

Median 24 days from acceptance to first online publication.

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What are the publication costs?

Article publishing charge: $7,030 for open access.

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Research Topics

Immune Cell Function and Interaction T-cell and B-cell Immunology Immunotherapy and Immune Responses Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies Immune Response and Inflammation Human auditory perception and evaluation Immune cells in cancer CAR-T cell therapy research Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms interferon and immune responses Legal Cases and Commentary IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers Inflammasome and immune disorders Educational Robotics and Engineering Immune responses and vaccinations HIV Research and Treatment Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms Asthma and respiratory diseases Cell Adhesion Molecules Research Copyright and Intellectual Property Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research Legal case studies and regulations vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

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