Br

Brain

Brain is a neurology and neuroscience journal published by Oxford University Press for the Guarantors of Brain. It publishes preclinical and clinical research related to the nervous system and brain health. The journal lists 2024 Impact Factor 11.7 and 2024 CiteScore 20.4. Online ISSN 1460-2156 and print ISSN 0006-8950.

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Subject Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences
Impact Factor 11.7
Quartile Q1
Open Access Type Hybrid
ISSN 0006-8950
eISSN 1460-2156
Invitation Only No
Cost Range Standard open access charge: £4,562. Scientific Commentary, Letter to the Editor, Editorial, and Opinion: £2,249.

Submission Instructions

Brain accepts the following article types. Click on an article type to view submission instructions.

Original Articles

Cover Letter A cover letter must accompany the submission. Cover letter must include assurance that all authors have fulfilled the authorship criteria and an abbreviated non-specialist summary of no more than 323 characters including spaces.
Abstract An abstract is required. Abstract must summarize the paper in full in a structured format with each section starting on a new line without subtitles. Abstract must include background, methods, results, and conclusion.
Manuscript Original Articles must not exceed 6000 words, excluding the abstract, title page, tables, figure legends and references. Main text should include Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Discussion, Data availability, Acknowledgements, Funding, Competing interests, Supplementary material, and References in that order. Manuscript may include up to six keywords below the abstract and must document any use of Large Language Model tools in the Methods, Acknowledgments, or another appropriate section of the paper.
References References must use AMA Reference Style, 11th edition, with numerical in-text citations. Citations must be superscripted and numbered sequentially, references must be listed in numerical order, and reference-list author names must list up to six authors or the first three followed by 'et al.' if there are more than six.
Figures & Tables Original Articles may include up to 8 display items. The manuscript must be submitted as a single word processing file including tables and figure legends. Tables must be supplied in Word format, and alt text for each image, figure, illustration, or photograph must appear in the main manuscript file directly under the relevant figure legend preceded by 'Alt text:'.
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Review Articles

Cover Letter A cover letter must accompany the submission. The cover letter must include assurance that all authors have fulfilled the authorship criteria and an abbreviated summary of no more than 323 characters including spaces that is accessible to the non-specialist.
Abstract Review Articles must include an abstract. The abstract must not exceed 400 words. The abstract must be unstructured, with each section starting on a new line without subtitles. The abstract must summarize the paper in full, including background, methods, results and conclusion.
Manuscript Review Articles must not exceed 9000 words excluding the abstract, title page, tables, figure legends and references. Review Articles may contain subheadings of the author's choice. Authors may list up to six keywords below the abstract, and use of Large Language Model tools must be documented in the Methods, Acknowledgments, or another appropriate section of the paper.
References References must use AMA Reference Style, 11th edition, with numerical in-text citations. References must be cited sequentially as superscript numbers, listed in numerical order at the end of the paper, and include up to six author names or the first three followed by 'et al.' when there are more than six authors.
Figures & Tables Review Articles may include up to 8 display items. The manuscript must be submitted as a single word processing file including figure legends, while tables must be supplied in Word format to enable editing. Each table and box must include a brief descriptive title, boxes must be supplied in Word format, and each box is limited to 500 words.
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Reports

Cover Letter A cover letter must accompany the submission. The cover letter must include assurance that all authors have fulfilled the authorship criteria and an abbreviated summary of no more than 323 characters including spaces that is accessible to the non-specialist.
Abstract An abstract is required. The abstract must not exceed 200 words. The abstract must be unstructured, with each section starting on a new line without subtitles. The abstract must summarize the paper in full, including background, methods, results and conclusion.
Manuscript The manuscript must not exceed 2500 words excluding the abstract, title page, tables, figure legends and references. Main text sections must appear in the order Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Discussion, Data availability, Acknowledgements, Funding, Competing interests, Supplementary material, References. Up to six keywords may be listed below the abstract, and any use of Large Language Model tools must be documented in the Methods, Acknowledgments, or another appropriate section of the paper.
References The manuscript must include no more than 30 references. References must use AMA Reference Style, 11th edition, with numerical in-text citations. Citations must be numbered sequentially in superscript and the reference list must be presented in numerical order, listing up to six authors or the first three followed by 'et al.' if there are more than six authors.
Figures & Tables The manuscript may include up to 4 display items. The manuscript must be submitted as a single word processing file including tables and figure legends. Tables must be supplied in Word format, each table should include a brief descriptive title, and figures must have a short title with abbreviations and symbols defined in the legend unless already defined in the main text.
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Updates

Cover Letter A cover letter must accompany the submission. The cover letter must include assurance that all authors have fulfilled the authorship criteria and an abbreviated non-specialist summary of no more than 323 characters including spaces.
Abstract An abstract is required. Abstract must not exceed 200 words. The abstract must be unstructured, with each section starting on a new line without subtitles. The abstract must summarize the paper in full, including background, methods, results and conclusion.
Manuscript Manuscript must not exceed 3000 words excluding the abstract, title page, tables, figure legends and references. Updates may contain subheadings of the author's choice. Up to six keywords may be listed below the abstract, and use of Large Language Model tools must be documented in the Methods, Acknowledgments, or another appropriate section of the paper.
References References must use AMA Reference Style, 11th edition, with numerical in-text citations. References must be cited sequentially as superscript numbers, listed in numerical order, and author names must list up to six authors or the first three followed by 'et al.' if there are more than six.
Figures & Tables Updates may include up to 4 display items. The manuscript must be submitted as a single word processing file including figure legends, while tables must be supplied in Word format to enable editing. Each table and box must include a brief descriptive title, and boxes are encouraged with a 500-word limit.
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Letters To The Editor

Cover Letter A cover letter must accompany the submission. The cover letter must include assurance that all authors have fulfilled the authorship criteria and an abbreviated summary of no more than 323 characters including spaces that is accessible to the non-specialist.
Abstract Abstract must not be included.
Manuscript Main text must not exceed 1500 words, excluding the title page, tables, figure legends, and references. Letters to the Editor will be considered only when relating to recent articles published in Brain. No more than six keywords may be listed directly below the abstract, and any use of Large Language Model tools must be documented in the Methods, Acknowledgments, or another appropriate section of the paper.
References References must not exceed 10. References must use AMA Reference Style, 11th edition, with numerical in-text citations. Citations must be numbered sequentially in superscript and the reference list must appear in numerical order with up to six author names listed, or the first three followed by 'et al.' if there are more than six authors.
Figures & Tables No more than 2 display items may be included. The manuscript must be submitted as a single word processing file including figure legends. Tables must be supplied in Word format, and each figure must have a short title with abbreviations and symbols defined in the figure legend unless already defined in the main text.
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Recent Publications

Divergent tau pathology profiles induced by distinct alpha-synuclein aggregates in non-human primates

Morgane Darricau, Camille Neu-Faber, Mathieu Bourdenx, Sandra Dovero, Gregory Porras, Marie-Laure Thiolat, Ines Trigo-Damas, Nuria Garcia-Carrillo, Maria Trinidad Herrero, Miquel Vila, Jose A Obeso, Vincent Planche, Erwan Bezard, Benjamin Dehay

10.1093/brain/awag284
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Lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection and emerging autoantibodies precede multiple sclerosis prodrome

Viktor Grut, Jens Ingvarsson, Martin Biström, Daniel Jons, Birgitta E Michels, Julia Butt, Tim Waterboer, Tomas Bergström, Staffan Nilsson, Olivia G Thomas, Tomas Olsson, Peter Sundström

10.1093/brain/awag283
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Jean Bancaud (1921–93): clinician, thinker and pioneer of epileptology at Sainte-Anne Hospital

Marc Zanello, Romain Carron, Elisabeth Landre, Cristina Filipescu, Gonzague Defrance, Alessandro Moiraghi, Alexandre Roux, Angela Elia, Philippe Domenech, Fabrice Chretien, Raphaël Gaillard, Suela Dylgjeri, Gilles Huberfeld, Fabrice Bartolomei, Martine Gavaret, Patrick Chauvel, Johan Pallud

10.1093/brain/awag280
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Early sodium channel blocker initiation is associated with better outcomes in KCNQ2 disorders

Charissa Millevert, Megan Hairabedian, Samuel Dahan, Johannes Lemke, Steffen Syrbe, Eugenia Roza, Raluca Ioana Teleanu, Laura Licchetta, Duccio M Cordelli, Francesca Bisulli, Trine B Hammer, Magdalena Krygier, Marta Pietruszka, Maria Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, Safa Mete Dagdas, Pinar Gencpinar, Carmen Fons, Dídac Casas-Alba, Edward C Cooper, Maurizio Taglialatela, Béatrice Desnous, Nathalie Villeneuve, Anne Lépine, Stéphane Auvin, Cyril Mignot, Dorothée Ville, Anne de Saint Martin, Claire Bar, Caroline Hachon le Camus, Laurent Villard, Laurence Chaton, Patrick Van Bogaert, Jérémie Lefranc, Gaëtan Lesca, Silvia Napuri, Mathieu Kuchenbuch, Caroline Perriard, Blandine Dozieres, Bénédicte Héron, Annie Ting-Gee Chiu, Ingrid E Scheffer, Pasquale Striano, Francesca Madia, Rikke Steensbjerre Møller, Katrine M Johannesen, Ilona Krey, Oliver Maier, Astrid Bertsche, Pia Zacher, Dagmar Wieczorek, Margarete Koch-Hogrebe, Tobias Bartolomaeus, Lara Heuft, Marion Heruth, Janina Gburek-Augustat, Rebecca Gembicki, Irina Hüning, Malte Spielmann, Nienke Verbeek, Ernie Bongers, Christine Makowski, Berten Ceulemans, An-Sofie Schoonjans, Lieven Lagae, Mathias De Wachter, Katrien Jansen, Nina Barisic, Filip Roelens, Helene Verhelst, Ana Vilan, Johanneke Harteman, Liesbeth De Waele, Damien Lederer, Antonio Gil-Nagel, Paloma Parra-Díaz, Hilde Van Esch, Katrien Vanrykel, Jana Zarubova, Krystyna Szymanska, Jürgen Althaus, González Gutiérrez-Solana, Giulia Ventura, Pegoraro Veronica, Stephanie Colling, Britta Hanker, Celina Stülpnagel, Dorota Domańska-Pakieła, Angelo Russo, Joerg Klepper, Agnes Scheuring, Esther Mutz, Eulalia Turon-Viñas, Ivon Cuscó, Carlotta Stipa, Luca Bergonzini, Raffaella Minardi, Valentina Marchiani, Sophie Rus-Hall, Shannyn Genders, Bronwyn Grinton, Elena Pavlidis, Silvia Jorge, Anna Katharina Schönlaub, Susann Badmann, Andrea Berger, Matias Wagner, Elisabeth Cats, Michael Gößler, Nicholas M Allen, Mary O'Regan, Preeyal Valla, Eoin P Donnellan, Niamh McSweeney, Cian Duggan, Kathleen Gorman, Geoffroy Delplancq, Samer Wehbi, Tania Barragán-Arévalo, Gerhard Josef Kluger, Vitchayaporn Emarach Saengow, Céline Bovin, Fien Vandenberk, Eline Leermakers, Sylvie Lamoureux, Diana Rodriguez, Claude Cances, Maryline Carneiro, Camille Thomas, Marie-Laure Mathieu, Florence Robin-Ronaldo, Marie Christine Nougues, Helène Maurey, Sylvie Nguyen, Marie Vermelle, Adeline Trauffler, Emmanuel Cheuret, Benjamin Serrand, Julien Neveu, Christian Richelme, Rachel Froget, Agathe Roubertie, Thomas Smol, Sandrine Mary, Shannyn Genders, Nishtha Joshi, Mathieu Milh, Sarah Weckhuysen

10.1093/brain/awag277
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Rethinking multiple sclerosis therapy beyond clinical phenotypes

Maria Pia Sormani, Heinz Wiendl, Xavier Montalban, Jiwon Oh

10.1093/brain/awag273
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Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to publish?

Accepted manuscripts are published online on Advance Access after acceptance. Proofs must be returned within 3 working days of receipt.

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Is a cover letter required?

A cover letter must accompany a new submission and should contain an abbreviated summary of no more than 323 characters including spaces, written for non-specialists.

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What are the publication costs?

Brain offers either a standard licence or an open access licence. Open access charges are £4,562 standard, and £2,249 for Scientific Commentary, Letter to the Editor, Editorial, and Opinion.

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Research Topics

Neurology and Historical Studies Neurological disorders and treatments Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases Epilepsy research and treatment Functional Brain Connectivity Studies Alzheimer's disease research and treatments Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research Mitochondrial Function and Pathology Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction Neural dynamics and brain function Neurological diseases and metabolism Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies Hereditary Neurological Disorders Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders

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